Novel Optics-Based Approaches for Cardiac Electrophysiology: A Review
Year: 2021
Authors: Mullenbroich M.C., Kelly A., Acker C., Bub G., Bruegmann T., Di Bona A., Entcheva E., Ferrantini C., Kohl P., Lehnart S.E., Mongillo M., Parmeggiani C., Richter C., Sasse P., Zaglia T., Sacconi L., Smith G.L.
Autors Affiliation: Univ Glasgow, Sch Phys & Astron, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland; Univ Glasgow, Inst Cardiovasc & Med Sci, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland; UConn Hlth, Ctr Cell Anal & Modeling, Farmington, CT USA; McGill Univ, Dept Physiol, Montreal, PQ, Canada; Univ Med Ctr Goettingen, Inst Cardiovasc Physiol, Gottingen, Germany; Univ Padua, Dept Cardiac Thorac Vasc Sci & Publ Hlth, Padua, Italy; George Washington Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Washington, DC USA; European Lab Nonlinear Spect, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; Univ Freiburg, Univ Heart Ctr, Inst Expt Cardiovasc Med, Freiburg, Germany; Univ Freiburg, Med Fac, Freiburg, Germany; Univ Med Ctr Gottingen, Heart Res Ctr Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany; Georg August Univ Gottingen, Dept Cardiol & Pneumol, Gottingen, Germany; Univ Gottingen, Cluster Excellence Multiscale Bioimaging Mol Mach, Gottingen, Germany; Univ Padua, Dept Biomed Sci, Padua, Italy; Veneto Inst Mol Med, Padua, Italy; Lelbniz Inst Primate Res, German Primate Ctr, Gottingen, Germany; Univ Bonn, Med Fac, Inst Physiol 1, Bonn, Germany; CNR, Natl Inst Opt, Florence, Italy.
Abstract: Optical techniques for recording and manipulating cellular electrophysiology have advanced rapidly in just a few decades. These developments allow for the analysis of cardiac cellular dynamics at multiple scales while largely overcoming the drawbacks associated with the use of electrodes. The recent advent of optogenetics opens up new possibilities for regional and tissue-level electrophysiological control and hold promise for future novel clinical applications. This article, which emerged from the international NOTICE workshop in 2018(1), reviews the state-of-the-art optical techniques used for cardiac electrophysiological research and the underlying biophysics. The design and performance of optical reporters and optogenetic actuators are reviewed along with limitations of current probes. The physics of light interaction with cardiac tissue is detailed and associated challenges with the use of optical sensors and actuators are presented. Case studies include the use of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and super-resolution microscopy to explore the micro-structure of cardiac cells and a review of two photon and light sheet technologies applied to cardiac tissue. The emergence of cardiac optogenetics is reviewed and the current work exploring the potential clinical use of optogenetics is also described. Approaches which combine optogenetic manipulation and optical voltage measurement are discussed, in terms of platforms that allow real-time manipulation of whole heart electrophysiology in open and closed-loop systems to study optimal ways to terminate spiral arrhythmias. The design and operation of optics-based approaches that allow high-throughput cardiac electrophysiological assays is presented. Finally, emerging techniques of photo-acoustic imaging and stress sensors are described along with strategies for future development and establishment of these techniques in mainstream electrophysiological research.
Journal/Review: FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
Volume: 12 Pages from: 769586-1 to: 769586-26
More Information: MCM acknowledges a Marie Sklodowska-Curie fellowship (MSCA-IF-EF-ST Grant Agreement No. 842893). AK was supported by the British Heart Foundation through project Grant PG/17/12/32847. EE acknowledges NIH Grant R01HL144157 and NSF Grant EFMA 1830941. PK and LS are members of the German Centre of Research Excellence SFB1425 (DFG #422681845). SEL was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through SFB1190 (project P03), and under Germanys Excellence Strategy 793 (EXC2067/1390729940). SEL is an investigator of DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research). TZ acknowledges STARS-SKoOP (UNIPD). The authors would like to thank Dr. Remi Peyronnet, Dr. Eva Rog-Zielinska, Dr. Franziska Schneider-Warme, Dr. Viviane Timmermann, and Dr. Callum Zgierski-Johnston from the Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Freiburg for their critical reading of and editorial comments on a revised form of this manuscript.KeyWords: electrophysiology; optogenetics; heart; arrhythmia; fluorescenceDOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.769586ImpactFactor: 4.755Citations: 6data from “WEB OF SCIENCE” (of Thomson Reuters) are update at: 2024-11-24References taken from IsiWeb of Knowledge: (subscribers only)
