Robustness of gauge-invariant dynamics against defects in ultracold-atom gauge theories

Year: 2020

Authors: Halimeh JC., Ott R., McCulloch IP., Yang B., Hauke P.

Autors Affiliation: Univ Trento, INO CNR BEC Ctr, Via Sommar 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy; Univ Trento, Dept Phys, Via Sommar 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy; Heidelberg Univ, Inst Theoret Phys, Philosophenweg 16, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia; Heidelberg Univ, Phys Inst, Neuenheimer Feld 226, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Univ Innsbruck, Inst Expt Phys, Tech Str 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

Abstract: Recent years have seen strong progress in quantum simulation of gauge-theory dynamics using ultracold-atom experiments. A principal challenge in these efforts is the certification of gauge invariance, which has recently been realized [Yang et al., arXiv:2003.08945]. One major but poorly investigated experimental source of gauge-invariance violation is an imperfect preparation of the initial state. Using the time-dependent density-matrix renormalization group, we analyze the robustness of gauge-invariant dynamics against potential preparation defects in the above ultracold-atom implementation of a U(1) gauge theory. We find defects related to an erroneous initialization of matter fields to be innocuous, as the associated gauge-invariance violation remains strongly localized throughout the time evolution. A defect due to faulty initialization of the gauge field leads to a mild proliferation of the associated violation. Furthermore, we characterize the influence of immobile and mobile defects by monitoring the spread of entanglement entropy. Overall, our results indicate that the aforementioned experimental realization exhibits a high level of fidelity in the gauge invariance of its dynamics at all evolution times. Our work provides strong evidence that ultracold-atom setups can serve as an extremely reliable framework for the quantum simulation of gauge-theory dynamics.

Journal/Review: PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH

Volume: 2 (3)      Pages from: 33361-1  to: 33361-16

More Information: This work is part of and supported by the DFG Collaborative Research Centre SFB 1225 (ISOQUANT), the Provincia Autonoma di Trento, and the ERC Starting Grant StrEnQTh (Project-ID 804305). I.P.M. acknowledges support from the ARC Future Fellowships scheme, No. FT140100625.
KeyWords: Quantum Simulation; Formulation
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.033361

Citations: 18
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