Supersolidity of cnoidal waves in an ultracold Bose gas

Year: 2021

Authors: Martone G.I.; Recati A.; Pavloff N.

Autors Affiliation: Univ Paris Saclay, LPTMS, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France; Sorbonne Univ, ENS Univ PSL, CNRS, Coll France,Lab Kastler Brossel, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; Univ Trento, INO CNR BEC Ctr, I-38123 Povo, Italy; Univ Trento, Dipartimento Fis, I-38123 Povo, Italy; Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Trento Inst Fundamental Phys & Applicat, I-38123 Trento, Italy.

Abstract: A one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate may experience nonlinear periodic modulations known as cnoidal waves. We argue that such structures represent promising candidates for the study of supersolidity-related phenomena in a nonequilibrium state. A mean-field treatment makes it possible to rederive Leggett?s formula for the superfluid fraction of the system and to estimate it analytically. We determine the excitation spectrum, for which we obtain analytical results in the two opposite limiting cases of (i) a linearly modulated background and (ii) a train of dark solitons. The presence of two Goldstone (gapless) modes, associated with the spontaneous breaking of U(1) symmetry and of continuous translational invariance, at long wavelength is verified. We also calculate the static structure factor and the compressibility of cnoidal waves, which show a divergent behavior at the edges of each Brillouin zone.

Journal/Review: PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH

Volume: 3 (1)      Pages from: 013143-1  to: 013143-15

KeyWords: EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; SUPERFLUID; STABILITY; DYNAMICS; SYSTEM; FLOW
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.013143

Citations: 12
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